Heavy drinking
always carries risks. But increasingly, studies are showing that light drinking
(defined as 1 drink or less a day for women and 2 drinks or less a day for men)
may have some health benefits.
Perhaps the
most significant benefit is in cardiovascular health. Alcohol may help increase
levels of high-density lipoprotein (“good”) cholesterol and may help reduce the
clotting that can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Red wine also is thought to
contain phytochemicals (compounds occurring in plants) that also may help
protect against cardiovascular disease.
Other studies
suggest that light drinking may help protect against Alzheimer's disease,
senility, and macular degeneration, an eye condition that is the leading cause
of blindness in people age 65 years or older.
These
benefits, however, are far from proved, and more study is needed to determine
the role of light drinking in a healthful lifestyle. In addition, the potential
benefits come with some substantial risks.
Any alcohol is
hazardous for a pregnant woman and her developing fetus. In addition, it is
risky for anyone with a family history of alcohol addiction to use alcohol.
Alcohol use has health risks for everyone else. Alcohol slows brain activity,
which in turn affects alertness and coordination, increasing the risk of falls
and accidents while driving. It also can affect sleep and sexual function,
increase blood pressure, and play a role in heartburn. There is also the hazard
of drug interaction, for both over-the-counter and prescription drugs. In addition, heavy, chronic drinking has
been linked with an increased risk of obesity, high blood pressure,
osteoporosis, and cancer of the throat, stomach, colon, and breast.
Addiction is also a risk for anyone who uses alcohol.
For all of these
reasons, moderation remains a key part of a healthful lifestyle. If you don't
drink, there's no health reason to start doing so. If you already drink,
there's no reason to stop. Just continue to enjoy wine, beer, or other spirits
in moderation.
Artinya:
1.
In addition, heavy, chronic drinking has been linked with an increased risk
of obesity, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and cancer of the throat,
stomach, colon, and breast.
Selain
itu, berat, minum kronis telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko obesitas,
tekanan darah tinggi, osteoporosis, dan kanker pada tenggorokan, perut, kolon,
dan payudara.
Strategies
for Weight Loss
Short-term
weight loss readily can be attained by extreme measures: a drastic reduction in
caloric intake (semi-starvation); crash dieting; unbalanced diets emphasizing
high fat and high protein with little or no CARBOHYDRATE. However, most of this
lost weight represents WATER and muscle protein loss rather than fat loss.
Without a commitment to changing long-term behavior, pounds lost will be
rapidly regained; frequently lost muscle is replaced by fat at the termination
of the weight loss program. Several popular, doctor-supervised, very
low-calorie programs are available. There is little published data on the
success rates of most weight management programs. The limited information
available suggests that only 2 percent to 10 percent of people who have
enrolled in such programs successfully keep off lost pounds for a year or more.
These
strategies can lead to weight losses of several pounds per week and often
employ liquid protein meal replacements. Current liquid formula diets are much
improved over 1970s versions. Regular food allotments plus three meal replacements
can bring the total calories up to 1,200 per day, and with supervision they are
often safe for several weeks. A major disadvantage: They often reinforce the
unhealthy pattern of eating lightly at breakfast and lunch, and eating heavily
at dinner or later. Under starvation or semi-starvation conditions, usually
less than 1,200 calories per day, the body's metabolism compensates for
decreased caloric intake by gearing down the rate at which calories are burned.
In other words the basal metabolic rate declines as a protective adaptation.
Furthermore, the body preferentially breaks down protein in the early stages of
semi-starvation to meet energy requirements; paradoxically, the body can
therefore become proportionately fatter during this period. Programs that incorporate medications to
curb craving as well as increased exercise and restricted caloric intake have
been recommended for obese people.
Artinya:
1.
Programs that incorporate medications to curb
craving as well as increased exercise and restricted caloric intake have been recommended for obese people.
Program
yang menggabungkan obat untuk mengekang keinginan serta latihan meningkat dan
asupan kalori terbatas telah direkomendasikan untuk orang gemuk.
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